TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION (TPN)
TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION (TPN)
Blog Article
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) delivers nutrition directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is used for patients who cannot or should not receive nutrition through the gastrointestinal tract. This may be due to conditions like intestinal obstruction, severe gastrointestinal diseases, or after certain surgeries.
Key Components of TPN:
- Carbohydrates: Usually in the form of glucose, they provide energy.
- Proteins: Delivered as amino acids to support tissue repair and growth.
- Fats: Lipid emulsions offer essential fatty acids and additional calories.
- Vitamins and Minerals: These are essential for metabolic processes and overall health.
- Electrolytes: Like sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, which are important for maintaining fluid balance and normal cell function.
- Fluids: To ensure proper hydration and maintain blood volume.
Indications for TPN:
- Bowel obstruction or severe Crohn's disease
- Short bowel syndrome
- Severe pancreatitis
- Postoperative patients who cannot resume oral or enteral feeding
- Malnutrition in cases where oral or enteral feeding is not feasible
Administration:
TPN is administered via a central venous catheter, typically inserted into a large vein in the chest or neck. It is carefully monitored to ensure proper nutritional balance and to avoid complications.
Risks and Complications:
- Infection: Central lines increase the risk of bloodstream infections.
- Metabolic Imbalances: TPN can lead to hyperglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, or liver dysfunction if not closely monitored.
- Venous Thrombosis: Formation of blood clots in the vein where the catheter is inserted.
- Liver Damage: Long-term TPN use may affect liver function.
Monitoring:
Frequent blood tests are needed to monitor electrolytes, glucose levels, liver function, and overall nutritional status to adjust the TPN formulation as necessary. Report this page